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Alfredo Maria Bonanno (born 1937 in Catania) is a main theorist of contemporary insurrectionary anarchism〔"Modern illegalism is commonly associated and championed by proponents of ‘insurrectional anarchism’ of which is seen as a main theoretician."("Illegalism" by ''Freedom Press'' )〕〔(Miguel Amorós. "Anarquía profesional y desarme teórico. Sobre insurrecionalismo" )〕 who wrote essays such as ''Armed Joy'' (for which he was imprisoned for 18 months by the Italian government), ''The Anarchist Tension'' and others.〔 He is an editor of ''Anarchismo Editions''〔 and many other publications, only some of which have been translated into English. He has been involved in the anarchist movement for over thirty years. == Political life == In the 1960s a tendency within Italian anarchism which did not identify either with the more classical synthesist Italian Anarchist Federation or with the platformist inclined (GAAP - Anarchist Groups of Proletarian Action) started to emerge as local groups. These groups emphasized direct action, informal affinity groups and expropriation for financing anarchist activity.〔("Vivir la Anarquía .Artículo en solidaridad con Alfredo Bonanno y Christos Stratigopoulos" )〕 It is from within these groups that Bonanno emerged, particularly influenced by the practice of the Spanish exiled anarchist Josep Lluís i Facerias.〔 Magazine ''Do or Die'' reports that "Much of the Italian insurrectionary anarchist critique of the movements of the '70s focused on the forms of organisation that shaped the forces of struggle and out of this a more developed idea of informal organisation grew. A critique of the authoritarian organisations of the '70s, whose members often believed they were in a privileged position to struggle as compared to the proletariat as a whole, was further refined in the struggles of the '80s, such as the early 1980s struggle against a military base that was to house nuclear weapons in Comiso, Sicily. Anarchists were very active in that struggle, which was organised into self-managed leagues."〔("Insurrectionary Anarchy: Organising for Attack! " by ''Do or Die'' Issue 10. page(s) 258-266. )〕 A main theorizer of these ideas was Bonanno and his publication ''Anarchismo''.〔 In 1993 Bonanno wrote ''For An Anti-authoritarian Insurrectionalist International'' in which he proposes coordination between Mediterranean insurrectionists after the period of the dissolution of the Soviet Union and civil war in the ex-Yugoslavia.〔(''For An Anti-authoritarian Insurrectionalist International'' by Alfredo Bonanno )〕 Bonanno was one of hundreds of Italian anarchists arrested on the night of June 19, 1997, when Italian security forces carried out raids on anarchist centres and private homes all over Italy. The raids followed the bombing of Palazzo Marino in Milan, Italy on April 25, 1997. On February 2, 2003 Bonanno was sentenced to 6 years in prison plus a €2000 fine (first degree 3 years, 6 months) for armed robbery and other crimes. These charges were related to the "Marini Trial", in which Italian anarchists were convicted of belonging to a subversive armed group whose ideological leader was Bonanno. On October 4, 2009, Bonanno was arrested with Greek anarchist Christos Stratigopolous in Trikala, central Greece on suspicion of having carried out an armed robbery in a local bank.〔 46,900 euros in cash were found in the car. November 22, 2010 Bonanno was sentenced to 4 years and immediately released from prison〔 (he spent about a year there and he was more than 70 years old that time), Stratigopolous was sentenced to 8 years 9 months with possible release at the end of 2011. Bonanno was denied entry into Chile in December 13, 2013. Bonanno had planned to participate in a series of conferences in Chile. Having arrived to Chile with Sky Airlines from Argentina he was flown back to Argentina by the same airline two hours after arrival.〔(PDI impide ingreso a Chile a reconocido pensador anarquista italiano )〕 Investigations Police of Chile said the denial of entry was indebted to the penal record of Bonanno.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alfredo M. Bonanno」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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